A) - Ethiopia
- For a circumstance that perhaps it derives from the enough long permanence in that part of the Horn of Africa that countersigns two territories as the Somalia and the Eritrea, Italians are brought to ignore, even if partially, Ethiopia facente also departs of that zone of Africa that interested, for a weary breve of time, the colonial aims of the ex Kingdom of Italy. -
- It is not the case to penetrate us in the because of these national tendencies that privilege the Eritrea to Ethiopia, but we are of discordant opinions after having spent a certain period in those earths of overseas and to have had relationships with the populations of both territorial entities. -
- For this reason, we will bring following the information geographical harvests as well as the impressions received by those people that they seem so much distant from our way to live. -
- The territory Ethiopian is inclusive between the Eritrea, the Somalia, Gibuti, the Sudan and to South with the Kenia; you/he/she counts a population of around 52 Thousand individuals divided in different etnies of which the principal is:
The Amhara.
The Tigrina.
The Horoma.
- The official language is the Amharico and English it is the second official language that is also included in the scholastic programs thin from the first classes of obligatory education. -
- In the while the Tigrinis and the Amharis are having one writing of theirs, also being slightly the different Tigrino from the Amharico, the Horomos they don't have of it even if the language is proper and different from the others two. - For this last you/he/she is trying each other of to realize a type of appropriate writing because the Horomos don't have a dialect form of the Amarico, but theirs is a real language. -
- The territory is countersigned from highlands that they are extended over the two thousand meters high and the climate it is also pleasant in the summer period that has begun since 12 September and it finishes in March. -
- For the one who he/she didn't know him/it, the Calendar Ethiopian has been formed for 13 months when the last one includes twelve days only; in practice it is of the lunar type and therefore, in comparison to ours, you/he/she accumulates a continuous error so much that today, that is the year 2001 for us, for them you/he/she would have to be the year 1990. -
- The predominant religion is the orthodox Copt or Egyptian; axes are also the other Christian forms even if that Catholic is not well seen from the local clergy while she is seeing in that Evangelical, in the different forms of the Protestantism something more lined up with the Orthodox creed. - The principal difference between the Coptic Religion and the other Christians, consists of the fact what the Copts are monofisiti; they deny the double nature that is, human and divine, of Jesus the Nazareno. -
- As information, the Monofitismo is one of the principal causes of fracture inside the Christianity, enacted by the 451 Calcedonia Council, that condemned the Monofitismo to the level of Heresy. - From that time big part of the Copts or the churches Siriache, Armenian, Egyptian and Ethiopian, don't recognize the authority of the Vatican and the Pope. - The Coptic Church became in Ethiopia the pillar on which leaned the power of the Neguses. - The hold connection with the temporal power, the strong position traditionalist, his/her isolation from the external world, has determined that this church became as a giant refolded on him same remaining the principal function of maintenance of the closed universe of the highlands that escapes from any renewal. - The Coptic church - Ethiopian counts a boundless clergy, that has submitted to a very rigid hierarchy. - They are counted around 800 monasteries in which practice still the art of the copying of the sacred texts. -
- The dynasty that for a long time has held up the fates of Ethiopia is said Salomonica with Menelik 1°, child of the king Salomone and the Regina of Saba finishing with the Negus Hailè Selassiè in 1980 as direct descendant of Menelik that concluded, after two hundred twenty-five generations this dynasty. -
- The history hands down that Saba, queen of Axum, had felt king Salomone's wisdom settle and she wanted to do you/he/she visits him to try his/her proverbial wisdom. - From the visit in Jerusalem, happened between 1000 and the 950 a.C. there is mention in the Jewish Talmud, in the Bible - Ancient Will, in the Koran and obviously in the Kebra Nagast, Gloria of the kings that is the fundamental book for the history of the empire of the highlands, elaborate in Ethiopia in the XIV century. - The stoia says that the queen of Saba recatasi from the powerful king Salomone to submit some enigmas to him to sound the abilities very you settle some sovereign, he/she remained from there spellbound. - From king Salomone's union with the queen, Menelik was conceived, whose meant intrinsic it is "Child of the wise man" that it brought in the blood the traces of a divine ascendenza and that you/he/she would have been the founder of a stock salomonica; from here the fact it is born what the Ethiopians are an one chosen people. -
- Menelik, grown and become a king, it did really the symbol of the lion of Giuda that raised to symbol of his/her own kingdom. - Become adult, he/she wanted to make visit to the presumed father Salomone and when it made return to Axum, it stole or you/he/she was entrusted to him, the ark of the alliance. - It didn't arrive with Menelik to Axum, but it employed some century after a slow to wander in earth of Egypt. - This event has remembered with the slow and infuriating rites that the Ethiopian Coptic Church it celebrates in honor of the ark on the occasion of Ghenna and Timkat that are the Christmas and the Epiphany of the Coptic rite. - The parties of celebration of these two recurrences let relive the shine of those that they were the courts of Jerusalem and Axum. - As historical sign, brings that maximum shine was reached by the kingdom Axunita with Ezana that was the first Negus Cristiano. -
- The evangelizzazione of the Ethiopian dynasty and everything the people of the highland begins beginning from the IV century to work of Frumenzio, monk siriano that traveled to edge of a ship of return from India, was attacked by the fleet Axunita. - Imprisoned duct in the capital Axum, Frumenzio entered in the graces of the Negus Her Amida and, to the death of the king, the queen begged him/it to take care of his/her child Ezana, still in bands. - His/her power to court and his/her ascendenza on the sovereign youth you/they were great and this contributed to bring him/it to conversion, after having been named bishop during a trip to Alexandria of Egypt. Abuna Salana, "Father of the peace" it is the name with which you/he/she is remembered by the Ethiopian tradition. -
- The evangelizzazione of the Amharas and the Tigrinis happened with a lot of slowness in the two following centuries; you/he/she had realized from missionary sirianis, whose contemplative and ascetic attitude fed a strong monastic movement, able to build in the time a strong and well integrated Church in the social life and politics of the kingdom of the highland. - This church remained castled between the mountains and isolated by the origins in the heart of the Moslem and distant tide from the centers of Christian culture. - In this natural isolation the Copts of Ethiopia have been able to sharpen customs and proper rites. - Grandiose and endless ceremonies, sumptuous hangings, flashing tunics of gold and velvets, music and songs, the all situated in the context of extraordinary rocky churches of Lalibella and the Tigray. - The celebration of the Timkat, to Lalibella, the Jerusalem of Africa, is surely the most samptious rite in the whole Ethiopia. - Under the Moslem pressure, the capital Axum had abandoned and Lalibella became the capital city between the XII and XIII century. - His/her kings let you build well eleven magnificent rocky churches. - The Timkat or Coptic Epiphany it is the party of the baptism in which the believers remember that of Jesus in the waters of the river Jordan, in which every consolidates the ties of the first Baptism. - It is celebrated on January 19, twelve days after Ghenna or the Christmas that it corresponds to our Epiphany. - During the party of the Timkat, the processions traslano the Tabots that are of the tablets in wood done to image of those that would have to contain the ark of the alliance. - The rite finishes when the first ray of sun crosses the tops of the mountains and illuminates the water of a well to form of cross, then l ' Abuna of Lalibella or prior, dip a cross in the water and, immediately after, a consecrated candle dips you; so water is sanctified. - The same rite is repeated before to every church of the highland. -
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